Newton’s Law of Gravitational Force (NLGF) based Machine Learning Technique for Uneven Illuminated Face Detection

A photo gallery is crucial for organizing your photos, presenting them in beautiful categories, and doing sophisticated memory searches. The photo gallery is portrayed in a vocabulary of nonlinear similarities to the prototype face image collection. One of the difficult research ideas for machine learning technologies is the maintenance of a photo gallery using facial recognition. Based on changes in the faces' appearance, faces are identified. This research proposes novel machine learning algorithms to recognize faces by characterizing the majority of discriminating local characteristics, which maximizes the dissimilarity between face photos of different persons and reduces the dissimilarity between features between face images of the same person. This method relies on Newton's third law of gravitational force to determine the relationship between pixels to extract the features of noisy accurately and efficiently, unevenly illuminated, and rotationally invariant face images

Improved Step Response of Power System Stabilizer using Fuzzy Logic Controller

As every power system is constantly being subjected to disturbances, we should see that these disturbances do not make the system unstable. Therefor additional signals derived from speed deviation, excitation deviation and accelerating power are injected into voltage regulators. The device to provide these signals is referred as power system stabilizer. The use of power system stabilizers has become very common in operation of large electric power systems. The conventional PSS which uses lead-lag compensation, where gain settings designed for specific operating conditions, is giving poor performance under different loading conditions. Therefore, it is very difficult to design a stabilizer that could present good performance in all operating points of electric power systems. In an attempt to cover a wide range of operating conditions, Fuzzy logic control has been suggested as a possible solution to overcome this problem. In this paper, a systematic approach to fuzzy logic control design is proposed. The study of fuzzy logic power system stabilizer for stability enhancement of a single machine infinite bus system is presented. In order to accomplish the stability enhancement, speed deviation and acceleration of the rotor synchronous generator are taken as the inputs to the fuzzy logic controller. These variables take significant effects on damping the generator shaft mechanical oscillations. The stabilizing signals were computed using the fuzzy membership function depending on these variables. The performance of the system with fuzzy logic based power system stabilizer is compared with the system having conventional power system stabilizer and system without power system stabilize

6-Bromo-2-(4-nitro­phen­oxy)-3-(1-phenyl­ethyl)-3,4-dihydro-1,3,2-benzoxaza­phosphinine 2-oxide

In the title compound, C21H18BrN2O5P, the six-membered oxaza­phosphinine ring is in a twist-boat conformation. One of the phosphoryl O atoms is in an equatorial configuation while the other is axial with respect to the oxaza­phosphinine ring. The mean planes of the benzene ring to which the nitro group is attached and the phenyl ring form a dihedral angle of 83.5 (1)°. In the crystal structure, weak inter­molecular C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds link the mol­ecules into chains along [100]

2,4,8,10,13-Penta­methyl-6-phenyl-13,14-dihydro-12H-6λ5-dibenzo[d,i][1,3,7,2]dioxaza­phosphecin-6-thione

In the title compound, C25H28NO2PS, the cyclo­decene ring exhibits a crown conformation. The two dimethyl­benzene rings which are fused symmetrically on either side of the ten-membered ring, make dihedral angles of 20.2 (1) and 18.0 (1)°. The phenyl ring substituted at P is perpendicular to the heterocyclic ring, making a dihedral angle of 88.4 (1)°. The crystal structure is stabilized by very weak intra­molecular C—H⋯O hydrogen bonding

Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of 2-(Aminoacid ester)-3-(6-methyl-2-pyridyl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,3,2 λ5- benzoxazaphosphinin-2-thiones

Synthesis of 2-(aminoacid ester)-3-(6-methyl-2-pyridyl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,3,2λ5-benzoxazaphosphinin-2-thiones (3a–j) was accomplished through a two-step process. It involves the prior preparation of 2-chloro-3-(6-methyl-2-pyridyl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,3,2λ5-benzoxazaphosphinin-2-thione monochloride (2) and its subsequent reaction with the aminoacid ester hydrochlorides in dry tetrahydrofuran-toluene in the presence of triethylamine at various temperatures. These compounds were characterizedby IR, 1H, 13C, 31P NMR and mass spectral data.Keywords: 2-[(6-methyl-2-pyridyl) amino] methylphenol, 1,3,2-benzoxazaphosphinin-2-thione, antimicrobial activit

Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of Novel 3-[1-(3-nitrophenyl)-ethyl]-1-(indole-1-yl) Substituted Aryl/alkyl-phosphinoyl/thiophosphinoyl/ selenophosphinoyl-1H-indole Derivatives

Syntheses of novel 3-[1-(3-nitrophenyl)-ethyl]-1-(indole-1-yl) substituted aryl/alkyl phosphinoyl/thiophosphinoyl/selenophosphinoyl-1H-indole derivatives were accomplished in two steps. The synthetic route involves the cyclisation of equimolar quantities of 3-[1H-3-indolyl(3-nitrophenyl)methyl]-1H-indole with dichlorophenyl phosphine/ethyldichlorophosphite in the presence of triethylamine in dry acetonitrile at room temperature. These compounds were further converted to the corresponding oxides, sulphides and selenides by reacting them with hydrogen peroxide, sulphur and selenium, respectively. The structures of the novel products were established by elemental analyses, IR, 1H, 13C and 31P NMR and mass spectroscopy. They were screened for antibacterial and antifungal activity against Staphylococcus aureus/Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pellicularia solmanicolor/Macrophomina phaseolina, respectively.Keywords: Bisindolylalkanes, alkyl/aryl phosphorodichloridates, antimicrobial activit

Synthesis and Biological Activity of Some new 2-Heterocyclic/acyclic amino/4'-acetamidophenoxy-3- (4-chloro-phenyl)-3, 4-dihydrobenzo[e]- [1,3,2]oxazaphosphinine 2-sulfides

Abstract: 2-Heterocyclic/acyclicamino/4'-acetamidophenoxy-3-(4-chlorophenyl)-3,4-dihydrobenzo-[e][1,3,2]oxazaphosphinine 2-sulfides (4a-j) were synthesized through a two steps process. In the first step, 2-chloro-3-(4-chlorophenyl)-3, 4-dihydrobenzo[e] [1,3,2]-oxazaphosphinine 2-sulfide (2) was prepared by the reaction of 2-[(4-chlorophenylamino)methyl]phenol (1) with thiophosphoryl chloride in the presence of triethylamine in dry toluene-tetrahydrofuran. In the second step, 2 was treated with various heterocyclic/acyclicamines/4'-acetamidophenol in presence of triethylamine-/sodium hydride in toluenetetrahydrofuran at 45-50°C. All the synthesized compounds (4a-j) were characterized by elemental analysis, IR, NMR ( 1 H, 13 C and 31 P) and mass spectra and their biological activity was evaluated for antimicrobial activity

Synthesis, spectral characterization and bioactivity evaluation of sulfonamide derivatives of p-nitrobenzene sulfonylchloride

1375-1383A simple and convenient method for the synthesis of biologically active sulfonamide derivatives of p-nitrobenzene sulfonylchloride has been achieved. All the title compounds have been characterized by spectral and elemental analysis. They have been further screened in vitro for their antibacterial and antifungal activities. All the compounds show good to moderate activity against both bacteria and fungi when compared with standard bactericide, Streptomycin and fungicide, Nystatin

Effect of surgical experience and spine subspecialty on the reliability of the {AO} Spine Upper Cervical Injury Classification System

OBJECTIVE The objective of this paper was to determine the interobserver reliability and intraobserver reproducibility of the AO Spine Upper Cervical Injury Classification System based on surgeon experience (< 5 years, 5–10 years, 10–20 years, and > 20 years) and surgical subspecialty (orthopedic spine surgery, neurosurgery, and "other" surgery). METHODS A total of 11,601 assessments of upper cervical spine injuries were evaluated based on the AO Spine Upper Cervical Injury Classification System. Reliability and reproducibility scores were obtained twice, with a 3-week time interval. Descriptive statistics were utilized to examine the percentage of accurately classified injuries, and Pearson’s chi-square or Fisher’s exact test was used to screen for potentially relevant differences between study participants. Kappa coefficients (κ) determined the interobserver reliability and intraobserver reproducibility. RESULTS The intraobserver reproducibility was substantial for surgeon experience level (< 5 years: 0.74 vs 5–10 years: 0.69 vs 10–20 years: 0.69 vs > 20 years: 0.70) and surgical subspecialty (orthopedic spine: 0.71 vs neurosurgery: 0.69 vs other: 0.68). Furthermore, the interobserver reliability was substantial for all surgical experience groups on assessment 1 (< 5 years: 0.67 vs 5–10 years: 0.62 vs 10–20 years: 0.61 vs > 20 years: 0.62), and only surgeons with > 20 years of experience did not have substantial reliability on assessment 2 (< 5 years: 0.62 vs 5–10 years: 0.61 vs 10–20 years: 0.61 vs > 20 years: 0.59). Orthopedic spine surgeons and neurosurgeons had substantial intraobserver reproducibility on both assessment 1 (0.64 vs 0.63) and assessment 2 (0.62 vs 0.63), while other surgeons had moderate reliability on assessment 1 (0.43) and fair reliability on assessment 2 (0.36). CONCLUSIONS The international reliability and reproducibility scores for the AO Spine Upper Cervical Injury Classification System demonstrated substantial intraobserver reproducibility and interobserver reliability regardless of surgical experience and spine subspecialty. These results support the global application of this classification system

A Robust Data Hiding Scheme In Audio Signal Based On Double Density Dual Tree Discrete Wavelet Transform

ABSTRACT: The outline of this paper is that, we plot a twofold tree twofold thickness discrete wavelet transform (dwt), given the first channel bank.. The procured channels are then refined by nonlinear streamlining, such that they satisfy flawless changing commitments and the following sets of wavelets have the analyticity property. We show two instances of arrange that are through and through preferable over those got with a past method. We demonstrate the power of the shrouded watermark for added substance clamor, Mp3 squeezing, re-quantization, sifting, editing and testing. The correlation examination demonstrates that our system has preferred execution over watermarking plans reported as of late